As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to explore and taste a wide range of wines from different regions and grape varieties. While there are countless wine grapes out there, some have emerged as the “big six” – the ones that every wine enthusiast should be familiar with. These six grapes serve as a great starting point for understanding and appreciating quality wine.
1. Riesling: Riesling is a white grape variety that is known for its aromatic and versatile nature. It can produce a wide range of wines, from bone-dry to lusciously sweet. Riesling wines often exhibit vibrant acidity, floral and fruity aromas, and a distinct mineral character. They can be found in various regions around the world, with Germany being particularly renowned for its Rieslings.
2. Sauvignon Blanc: Sauvignon Blanc is another white grape that has gained popularity for its refreshing and zesty characteristics. It typically offers crisp acidity, vibrant citrus and tropical fruit flavors, and sometimes a herbaceous or grassy note. Sauvignon Blanc is widely planted in regions like New Zealand, France (particularly in the Loire Valley), and California.
3. Chardonnay: Chardonnay is perhaps the most well-known and widely planted white grape variety. It is a versatile grape that can produce a broad range of styles, from unoaked and crisp to rich and buttery. Chardonnay wines often exhibit flavors of apple, pear, and tropical fruit, with varying levels of oak influence. It is grown in many wine regions, including Burgundy, California, and Australia.
4. Pinot Noir: Pinot Noir is a red grape variety that is revered for its elegance and complexity. It can be a bit finicky to grow but produces wines with delicate aromas of red berries, earthiness, and sometimes floral notes. Pinot Noir is famously associated with Burgundy, but it is also cultivated in regions like Oregon, California, and New Zealand.
5. Merlot/Cabernet Sauvignon: While these are technically two different grape varieties, they are often mentioned together as they are frequently blended to create Bordeaux-style wines. Merlot tends to bring softness, plummy flavors, and approachability to the blend, while Cabernet Sauvignon contributes structure, tannins, and blackcurrant notes. Bordeaux in France is the classic region for these grapes, but they are also widely grown in regions like California and Australia.
6. Syrah/Shiraz: Syrah, also known as Shiraz in some regions, is a red grape variety that produces bold and full-bodied wines. Syrah wines often display dark fruit flavors, such as blackberry and plum, as well as pepper and spice notes. It is a significant grape in the Rhône Valley in France, but it has also found success in regions like Australia, where it is often labeled as Shiraz.
These six grape varieties provide a solid foundation for exploring the world of wine. By familiarizing yourself with their characteristics, you'll be better equipped to appreciate the nuances and diversity of wines made from these grapes. Keep in mind that there are countless other grape varieties to discover, each with its own unique qualities and regional expressions. So, embark on your wine journey with these big six, and let your exploration lead you to new and exciting discoveries. Cheers!