When it comes to Champagne, most people immediately think of the three main grape varieties: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Meunier. And while it is true that the majority of Champagne wines are made from these grapes, there are actually four other varieties that are also authorized within the Champagne AOC area. These lesser-known grapes, Arbane, Petit Meslier, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Gris, play a smaller but still important role in Champagne production.
Arbane, although rare, is one of the oldest grape varieties in Champagne. It is known for its high acidity and delicate aromas of citrus and white flowers. Its use in Champagne production has declined over the years, but some producers still value its unique character and include it in their blends.
Petit Meslier is another lesser-known grape variety in Champagne. It is known for its high acidity and distinctive aromas of green apple and herbs. Like Arbane, it is not widely planted, but some producers appreciate its contribution to the complexity of their Champagne wines.
Pinot Blanc, often overlooked in favor of its more famous cousin, Pinot Noir, is also permitted in Champagne. It adds a touch of freshness and elegance to the wines, with flavors of white fruits and a subtle floral character. While not as widely used as the main three grape varieties, Pinot Blanc can bring a unique element to Champagne blends.
Pinot Gris, also known as Grauburgunder or Malvoisie, is a mutation of Pinot Noir and is permitted in Champagne as well. It is characterized by its slightly pinkish-gray skin, which gives the grape its name. Pinot Gris can contribute richness and body to Champagne wines, with flavors of ripe fruits and a hint of spice.
In my personal experience as a sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to taste Champagnes made from these lesser-known grape varieties. While they may not be as dominant as Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Meunier, they do add a certain uniqueness and complexity to the wines. It is fascinating to explore the different expressions that these grapes bring to Champagne, and I believe they deserve more recognition and appreciation.
To summarize, while Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Meunier are the main grape varieties used in Champagne production, there are four other authorized varieties: Arbane, Petit Meslier, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Gris. These lesser-known grapes contribute their own distinct characteristics to Champagne wines, adding complexity and uniqueness to the final product. Exploring Champagnes made from these grapes can be a delightful and educational experience for wine enthusiasts.