Anchor Steam is a unique and iconic beer that falls into the category of a lager. However, it is important to note that it is not your typical lager, but rather a specific style known as California common beer or steam beer. This style has its roots in the West Coast of the United States and has gained popularity over the years.
To understand why Anchor Steam is considered a lager, we need to delve into the brewing process. Lagers are brewed using a bottom-fermenting yeast strain, which ferments at lower temperatures, typically around 45-55°F (7-13°C). This results in a clean and crisp beer with a smooth finish. Ales, on the other hand, are brewed with top-fermenting yeast strains that ferment at higher temperatures, usually around 60-70°F (15-21°C), resulting in a more fruity and robust flavor profile.
Anchor Steam uses a lager yeast strain, which is one of the key characteristics that classifies it as a lager. However, what sets it apart from other lagers is the fermentation process. Traditionally, lagers are fermented in cool conditions, often in temperature-controlled tanks or caves. In contrast, Anchor Steam is fermented at slightly higher temperatures, around 60-65°F (15-18°C), which is closer to ale fermentation temperatures. This unique fermentation process gives Anchor Steam its distinct flavor profile and character.
The term “steam beer” originated during the 19th century in California when brewers didn't have access to refrigeration and cooling equipment, making it difficult to brew lagers in the traditional way. They had to improvise by using open-air fermenters and coolships, which allowed the hot wort to cool down overnight. This resulted in the production of steam during the fermentation process, hence the name “steam beer.” Anchor Brewing Company revived this historic brewing method and trademarked the term “steam beer” for their specific interpretation of the style.
Having personally tasted Anchor Steam, I can attest to its unique qualities. It has a deep amber color with a slight haze and a thick, frothy head. The aroma is malty and toasty, with hints of caramel and bread crust. On the palate, it is medium-bodied and has a pleasant balance between malt sweetness and hop bitterness. The flavors are reminiscent of toasted grains, caramel, and a subtle fruity note. The finish is clean and smooth, with a lingering maltiness.
Anchor Steam is classified as a lager due to its use of a lager yeast strain. However, its fermentation process at slightly higher temperatures and its historical brewing method make it a distinct style known as California common beer or steam beer. This unique combination of factors gives Anchor Steam its characteristic flavor profile and sets it apart from traditional lagers.