As an experienced brewer, I can tell you that it is generally recommended to store hops in the refrigerator. Hops are extremely sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen, all of which can degrade their quality and flavor. By refrigerating hops, you can slow down the degradation process and extend their freshness.
When hops are left out at room temperature for an extended period of time, their alpha acids, which contribute to bitterness in beer, can degrade and result in a less bitter brew. Additionally, the essential oils in hops, responsible for aroma and flavor, can evaporate more quickly at higher temperatures, leading to a loss of those desirable characteristics.
By refrigerating hops, you can maintain their alpha acids and essential oils for a longer period of time. It is recommended to store hops in airtight containers, such as vacuum-sealed bags or jars, to minimize exposure to oxygen and moisture. This will help preserve their freshness and prevent any off flavors from developing.
Now, if you find yourself with a surplus of hops that you won't be using within a couple of days, freezing them can be a viable option. Freezing hops can extend their shelf life to 2-3 years while still preserving their freshness. However, it's important to note that freezing can cause some changes in the hop structure, potentially affecting their brewing characteristics. It's always a good idea to label and date your hop packages to keep track of their age.
On the other hand, malt extract is a different story. Unlike hops, malt extract does not require refrigeration. In fact, it's best to store malt extract at room temperature until brew day, which can be up to 1-2 weeks. Malt extract is highly concentrated and has a low water content, making it less susceptible to spoilage. However, it's still important to keep it in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to maintain its quality.
Storing hops in the refrigerator is generally recommended to preserve their freshness and brewing characteristics. Freezing hops can also be an option for long-term storage, but it's important to be aware of potential changes in their structure. On the other hand, malt extract can be stored at room temperature until brew day without any issues. Happy brewing!