The “big six” white grapes are Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, and Chardonnay. These grapes have gained worldwide recognition and are considered some of the most important and influential white grape varieties in the wine industry. Each grape offers unique characteristics and flavors, making them a great starting point for understanding quality white wines.
1. Riesling: Riesling is a highly versatile grape that can produce a wide range of wine styles, from bone-dry to lusciously sweet. It is known for its high acidity, which gives it a vibrant and refreshing character. Riesling wines often exhibit aromas of citrus fruits, green apple, and sometimes floral or petrol notes. They can age exceptionally well, developing complex flavors over time. Riesling is widely grown in Germany, Alsace (France), and the United States (particularly in the Finger Lakes region of New York).
2. Sauvignon Blanc: Sauvignon Blanc is a zesty and aromatic grape variety that thrives in cool climates. It is known for its herbaceous and tropical fruit flavors, including notes of grapefruit, lime, passionfruit, and sometimes even bell pepper. Sauvignon Blanc wines are typically crisp, refreshing, and often have a distinct grassy or herbal character. New Zealand and the Loire Valley in France (particularly Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé) are renowned for producing exceptional Sauvignon Blanc.
3. Chardonnay: Chardonnay is arguably the most famous and widely planted white grape variety in the world. It is a versatile grape that can be crafted into a variety of styles, ranging from crisp and unoaked to rich and buttery. Chardonnay wines often display flavors of apple, pear, tropical fruits, and vanilla when aged in oak. It is grown in many wine regions globally, with notable examples from Burgundy (France), California, and Australia.
These three white grape varieties form the foundation of white wine production, and exploring their different expressions can be an exciting journey for wine enthusiasts. Each grape has its own unique personality and can be influenced by factors such as terroir, winemaking techniques, and aging.
It's worth noting that there are many other white grape varieties worth exploring, such as Chenin Blanc, Gewürztraminer, and Viognier, which offer their own distinct characteristics and regional specialties. However, starting with the big six will give you a solid understanding of the diverse world of white wines.