German alt is a traditional style of beer that originated in Germany. The word “alt” actually means “old” in German, which refers to the older style of brewing that predates the popularization of bottom-fermenting lager beers. Alt beer is brewed using top-fermenting yeast, which gives it a distinct character and sets it apart from other German beer styles.
Alt beer is closely associated with the city of Düsseldorf in the Rhineland region of Germany. It has a long history and is deeply rooted in the local culture and brewing traditions. In fact, Düsseldorf is often referred to as the “Altstadt” or “Old Town” because of its strong association with alt beer.
One of the defining characteristics of German alt is its fermentation method. Alt beer is fermented at a slightly higher temperature than lager beers, typically around 15-20°C (59-68°F), which is why it is considered a top-fermenting beer. This fermentation process gives alt beer a fruitier and fuller flavor profile compared to lagers.
Another important aspect of German alt is its malt bill. Alt beers are brewed using a combination of pale malt, caramel malt, and sometimes a small amount of roasted malt. This blend of malts gives alt beer its deep amber color and a rich, malty sweetness. The use of caramel malt also lends a subtle caramel flavor to the beer, adding to its complexity.
Hops play a crucial role in German alt as well. Alt beers are typically hopped with traditional German hop varieties such as Hallertau, Tettnang, or Spalt. These hops contribute a moderate level of bitterness to balance the sweetness of the malt and add a floral, herbal, or spicy aroma to the beer. The hop bitterness in alt beer is usually more pronounced compared to lagers but still remains well-balanced overall.
The flavor profile of German alt can be described as malty, bready, and slightly fruity with a noticeable hop presence. It often exhibits notes of caramel, toast, and nuts, which are derived from the specialty malts used in the brewing process. The fruity esters produced by the top-fermenting yeast add a subtle complexity to the beer, while the hop flavors provide a refreshing and crisp finish.
In terms of mouthfeel, German alt is generally medium-bodied with a moderate carbonation level. It has a smooth and creamy texture, which makes it highly drinkable and enjoyable. The alcohol content of alt beer typically ranges from 4.5% to 5.5% ABV, making it a sessionable beer that can be enjoyed in larger quantities.
Traditionally, German alt was served in tall, narrow glasses called “Stangen” or “Altstangen.” These glasses showcase the beer's rich color and allow the aromas to be fully appreciated. Alt beer is often consumed fresh and served directly from wooden barrels in pubs and breweries in Düsseldorf, adding to the authenticity and experience of enjoying this traditional beer style.
German alt is a classic beer style that harkens back to the old brewing methods before lagers became popular. It is a top-fermented beer with a rich malt profile, balanced hop bitterness, and a fruity yeast character. The combination of these elements creates a flavorful and refreshing beer that is deeply rooted in German brewing tradition.