When it comes to discussing the difference between bourbon and Tennessee whiskey, it's important to note that both are types of American whiskey and share some similarities in their production process. However, there are distinct characteristics that set them apart.
1. Ingredients and Mash Bill:
– Bourbon: By law, bourbon must be made from a grain mixture that is at least 51% corn. The remaining grains can include malted barley, rye, or wheat. The grain mixture, known as the mash bill, contributes to the flavor profile of the bourbon.
– Tennessee Whiskey: Like bourbon, Tennessee whiskey must also have a minimum of 51% corn in its mash bill. However, what sets Tennessee whiskey apart is the additional step it goes through called the Lincoln County Process. This involves charcoal filtration, where the whiskey is filtered through charcoal made from sugar maple before aging. This process imparts a distinct flavor to the whiskey.
2. Aging and Maturation:
– Bourbon: To be called bourbon, the whiskey must be aged in new, charred oak barrels. There are no specific aging requirements, but to be labeled as “straight bourbon,” it must be aged for at least two years. The aging process allows the whiskey to develop complex flavors and aromas from the interaction with the oak barrels.
– Tennessee Whiskey: Similar to bourbon, Tennessee whiskey must be aged in new, charred oak barrels. However, the Lincoln County Process, which involves charcoal filtration, happens before the aging process. This filtration is believed to mellow the whiskey and remove any impurities, resulting in a smoother and slightly sweeter taste.
3. Flavor Profile:
– Bourbon: Bourbon is known for its diverse flavor profile, which can vary depending on the mash bill and aging process. Common flavor notes include caramel, vanilla, oak, and sometimes fruity or floral undertones. The higher corn content in the mash bill often contributes to the sweeter and fuller-bodied characteristics of bourbon.
– Tennessee Whiskey: Due to the charcoal filtration process, Tennessee whiskey often has a smoother taste compared to bourbon. It retains the caramel and vanilla notes found in bourbon but may have a subtle charcoal influence, giving it a unique flavor profile. The filtration process also adds a touch of sweetness to the whiskey.
4. Legal Regulations and Distillation:
– Bourbon: To be labeled as bourbon, the whiskey must meet specific legal requirements. It must be produced in the United States, made from specific grains, distilled to no more than 160 proof, entered into the barrel for aging at no more than 125 proof, and bottled at a minimum of 80 proof. Distillation methods can vary, including column stills or pot stills.
– Tennessee Whiskey: Tennessee whiskey follows the same legal requirements as bourbon, with the additional step of the Lincoln County Process. This process is specific to Tennessee whiskey and is a defining characteristic of the style.
While bourbon and Tennessee whiskey share similarities in their production processes and legal requirements, the key difference lies in the additional charcoal filtration step that Tennessee whiskey undergoes. This results in a smoother and slightly sweeter taste, with hints of caramel, vanilla, and a subtle charcoal influence. Bourbon, on the other hand, showcases a diverse flavor profile with caramel, vanilla, oak, and fruit notes. Ultimately, personal preference plays a significant role in determining which style of whiskey one may prefer.