Unfortified wine, also known as non-fortified wine, is a type of wine that does not undergo the process of fortification. Fortification is the addition of a distilled spirit, typically brandy, to the wine during or after fermentation. However, unfortified wine is made solely from the grapes used in the winemaking process, without the addition of any additional spirits.
When making unfortified wine, the winemaker focuses on fermenting the grape juice until it reaches the desired level of alcohol naturally present in the grapes. This process involves the conversion of the sugar in the grape juice into alcohol through the action of yeast. The yeast consumes the sugar and produces alcohol and carbon dioxide as byproducts. The result is a regular, table wine without any added spirits.
One of the key characteristics of unfortified wine is its lower alcohol content compared to fortified wines. Since no distilled spirits are added, the alcohol level in unfortified wine typically falls within the range of 9% to 16% alcohol by volume (ABV). This lower alcohol content can contribute to a lighter and more easy-drinking experience.
Unfortified wines encompass a wide range of styles, including red, white, and rosé wines. Each type of wine is made from specific grape varieties and undergoes different winemaking techniques to achieve the desired flavors and characteristics.
For example, red unfortified wines are usually made from red grape varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, or Pinot Noir. The grapes are crushed, and the juice is left in contact with the grape skins during fermentation to extract color, tannins, and flavors. After fermentation, the wine is aged in barrels or tanks to further develop its flavors and complexities.
White unfortified wines, on the other hand, are typically made from white grape varieties like Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, or Riesling. The grapes are gently pressed to separate the juice from the skins, resulting in a wine with a lighter color. White wines can be aged in stainless steel tanks or oak barrels, depending on the desired style and flavor profile.
Rosé unfortified wines are made by allowing limited contact between the grape skins and the juice during fermentation. This contact imparts a light pink color and some of the flavors and tannins from the skins, resulting in a refreshing and versatile wine.
Unfortified wines can vary greatly in taste, aroma, and complexity based on factors such as grape variety, terroir (the environmental factors that influence the grapes' growth), winemaking techniques, and aging processes. From crisp and acidic whites to full-bodied and tannic reds, unfortified wines offer a diverse range of flavors to suit different preferences and occasions.
Unfortified wine is a type of wine that is made solely from grapes without the addition of any distilled spirits. It is characterized by its lower alcohol content and encompasses a wide range of styles, including red, white, and rosé wines. The taste, aroma, and complexity of unfortified wines can vary greatly based on factors such as grape variety, terroir, winemaking techniques, and aging processes.