The difference between Kentucky bourbon and bourbon whiskey lies in the specific requirements for each designation. While bourbon whiskey can be made anywhere in the United States, Kentucky bourbon must meet additional criteria to be labeled as such.
Firstly, let's talk about bourbon whiskey in general. It is a type of American whiskey that is primarily made from corn and aged in charred oak barrels. According to the legal definition set by the U.S. government, bourbon whiskey must meet the following criteria:
1. Mash Bill: Bourbon must be made from a grain mixture that contains at least 51% corn. The remaining grains typically include barley, rye, or wheat. The use of other grains is allowed, but corn must be the majority.
2. Distillation Process: Bourbon must be distilled to no more than 160 proof (80% alcohol by volume) and entered into the barrel for aging at no more than 125 proof (62.5% alcohol by volume).
3. Aging: Bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak containers. There are no specific regulations on the duration of aging, but to be called “straight bourbon,” it must be aged for at least two years.
4. Bottling Strength: Bourbon must be bottled at a minimum of 80 proof (40% alcohol by volume).
Now, let's delve into the distinction of Kentucky bourbon. While bourbon can be made anywhere in the U.S., Kentucky has long been associated with the production of bourbon due to its rich history and favorable environmental conditions for whiskey production.
To be designated as “Kentucky bourbon,” the spirit must meet the following additional requirements:
1. Distillation: The bourbon must be distilled in Kentucky. This means that the entire distilling process, from mashing the grains to distilling the spirit, must take place within the state's borders.
2. Aging: Kentucky bourbon must also be aged in Kentucky. This means that the barrels used for maturing the bourbon must be stored and aged within the state. The unique climate and environmental factors in Kentucky, such as temperature fluctuations and humidity, contribute to the flavor profile of Kentucky bourbon.
It's important to note that while Kentucky bourbon must be distilled and aged in Kentucky, not all bourbon whiskey made in Kentucky is automatically designated as Kentucky bourbon. It must still meet all the other criteria for bourbon whiskey, such as the mash bill and aging requirements.
Personally, as a sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to taste and compare various bourbons from different regions. While there are exceptional bourbons produced outside of Kentucky, there is a distinct character and flavor profile that often sets Kentucky bourbon apart. The influence of the local water, grains, and aging conditions in Kentucky can create a unique and sought-after flavor that many bourbon enthusiasts appreciate.
The main difference between Kentucky bourbon and bourbon whiskey lies in the requirement for the spirit to be both distilled and aged in Kentucky to be designated as “Kentucky bourbon.” This distinction highlights the historical and geographical significance of Kentucky in the production of bourbon, while still adhering to the broader legal definition of bourbon whiskey.