When it comes to beer, there are two main types that dominate the brewing world: lagers and ales. These two categories are defined by the type of yeast used and the fermentation process employed.
Lagers are brewed with bottom-fermenting yeast, scientifically known as Saccharomyces pastorianus. This yeast strain works best at cooler temperatures, typically around 45-55°F (7-13°C). The name “lager” actually comes from the German word “lagern,” which means “to store.” This is because lagers are traditionally aged and stored for a longer period of time compared to ales.
The fermentation process for lagers is known as “bottom fermentation” because the yeast settles at the bottom of the fermentation vessel during fermentation. This process usually takes several weeks or even months, allowing the beer to develop a crisp, clean, and smooth flavor profile. Lagers are often characterized by their light to medium body, pale golden color, and subtle flavors.
On the other hand, ales are brewed with top-fermenting yeast, scientifically known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This yeast strain thrives at slightly warmer temperatures, typically around 60-75°F (15-24°C). Ales are often associated with a rich history, as they have been brewed for centuries and were the original beer style before lagers gained popularity.
The fermentation process for ales is known as “top fermentation” because the yeast remains at the top of the fermentation vessel during fermentation. This process is generally shorter than lager fermentation, usually taking a few days to a couple of weeks. Ales have a wider range of flavors and aromas compared to lagers, and they can vary from light and refreshing to dark and complex. They are often characterized by a fuller body, more pronounced hop bitterness, and a higher alcohol content.
To summarize, the two main types of beer are lagers and ales. Lagers are brewed with bottom-fermenting yeast and undergo a longer, cooler fermentation process, resulting in a clean and crisp beer. Ales, on the other hand, are brewed with top-fermenting yeast and undergo a shorter, warmer fermentation process, resulting in a wider range of flavors and aromas. So, whether you prefer a refreshing lager or a flavorful ale, there's a beer style out there to suit your taste. Cheers!