As an expert sommelier and brewer, I can provide you with a detailed answer on the four grades of cognac. Cognac, a type of brandy, is known for its unique production process and aging requirements. The four grades or quality tiers of cognac are VS (Very Special), VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale), XO (Extra Old), and Hors d'Age (Beyond Age). These grades signify the aging period and quality of the cognac.
1. VS (Very Special): The entry-level grade of cognac is VS, also known as Three Star or Very Special. It indicates that the youngest eau-de-vie (distilled wine) used in the blend has been aged in oak barrels for a minimum of two years. VS cognacs tend to be vibrant and fruity, with a lighter and less complex flavor profile. They are often used in cocktails or enjoyed neat.
2. VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale): VSOP cognac is considered a step up in quality and aging. It stands for Very Superior Old Pale, indicating that the youngest eau-de-vie in the blend has been aged for a minimum of four years in oak barrels. The additional aging imparts more complexity, depth, and smoothness to the cognac. VSOP cognacs are often characterized by notes of dried fruits, vanilla, and oak, making them suitable for sipping or mixing in cocktails.
3. XO (Extra Old): XO cognac represents a higher level of quality and aging. XO stands for Extra Old, indicating that the youngest eau-de-vie in the blend has been aged for a minimum of six years. However, it's important to note that since 2018, the minimum aging requirement for XO cognac has been increased to ten years. XO cognacs are typically rich, full-bodied, and complex, with flavors of caramel, spices, and dark fruits. They are often enjoyed neat or as a digestif.
4. Hors d'Age (Beyond Age): Hors d'Age is not an official grade, but rather a designation for cognacs that exceed the XO aging requirement. These cognacs are aged for an extended period, often several decades, resulting in exceptional depth, complexity, and refinement. Hors d'Age cognacs are considered luxurious and are highly sought after by connoisseurs. They offer a wide range of flavors, from delicate floral notes to intense oakiness, and are typically savored on special occasions.
It's important to note that while the aging requirements define the minimum age of the youngest eau-de-vie in the blend, many cognac producers go beyond these minimums to create higher quality and more mature expressions. The aging process in oak barrels allows the cognac to develop its distinct character and flavors, influenced by the wood and the interaction between the spirit and the air.
The four grades of cognac offer a range of options for different preferences and occasions. Whether you prefer a lighter and fruitier VS or a more complex and aged XO or Hors d'Age, cognac provides a diverse and sophisticated drinking experience.