When it comes to Rioja wine, there are three distinct types or areas within the region: Rioja Oriental (formerly known as Baja), Rioja Alta, and Rioja Alavesa. Each of these areas has its own unique characteristics and contributes to the overall diversity and quality of Rioja wines.
1. Rioja Oriental (Baja):
The Rioja Oriental, also known as the Baja, is the largest sub-region of Rioja, located in the southeastern part of the region. This area experiences a warmer and drier climate compared to the other two sub-regions, which influences the style of wines produced here. The wines from Rioja Oriental are known for their rich, ripe fruit flavors and higher alcohol levels. The warm climate allows for the grapes to fully ripen, resulting in wines that are full-bodied and robust. However, it's important to note that the quality of wines from Rioja Oriental has improved significantly over the years, with producers focusing on maintaining freshness and balance in their wines.
2. Rioja Alta:
Rioja Alta, as the name suggests, is the higher-altitude sub-region of Rioja, located in the western part of the region. This area has a cooler climate compared to Rioja Oriental, thanks to its higher elevation and proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. The cooler temperatures and the influence of the Atlantic Ocean help to preserve acidity in the grapes, resulting in wines that are more elegant, balanced, and age-worthy. The wines from Rioja Alta are often described as having vibrant red fruit flavors, earthiness, and a silky texture. The traditional style of Rioja wines, which are aged for extended periods in oak barrels, is particularly prominent in this sub-region.
3. Rioja Alavesa:
Rioja Alavesa is the smallest and northernmost sub-region of Rioja, located in the Basque Country. This area is known for its unique combination of a continental climate and a limestone-rich soil, which contributes to the distinctive character of the wines produced here. The wines from Rioja Alavesa are often described as having a perfect balance between the richness of Rioja Oriental and the elegance of Rioja Alta. They exhibit red fruit flavors, floral aromatics, and a pronounced minerality. The vineyards in Rioja Alavesa are typically planted at higher altitudes, which further adds to the freshness and acidity of the wines.
It's worth mentioning that within these three sub-regions, there are also different vineyard sites and individual wineries that can further influence the style and quality of the wines. The diversity within Rioja allows for a wide range of wine styles, from young and fruity to complex and age-worthy. Exploring the different types of Rioja is a journey of discovering the nuances and expressions of this renowned wine region.