The history of hard cider is a fascinating tale filled with ups and downs. Hard cider, once a beloved and popular beverage in America, experienced a series of setbacks that ultimately led to its decline in popularity.
For centuries, hard cider was a staple in American households. It was enjoyed by people of all ages and was even considered safer to drink than water due to its fermentation process, which killed off harmful bacteria. However, the turning point for hard cider came in the late 19th century.
One of the main factors that contributed to the decline of hard cider was the influx of immigrants from beer-drinking countries such as Germany and Ireland. These immigrants brought with them a strong beer-drinking culture, which quickly gained popularity in the United States. Beer was seen as more modern and sophisticated, and its popularity overshadowed that of hard cider.
The rise of the temperance movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries also played a significant role in the decline of hard cider. The temperance movement advocated for the reduction or elimination of alcohol consumption, and its efforts eventually led to the enactment of prohibition in 1920. With the production and sale of alcoholic beverages, including hard cider, now illegal, the industry suffered a devastating blow.
During prohibition, many orchards that were once dedicated to growing cider-specific apple trees were abandoned. Farmers, unable to sell their cider apples, opted to plant sweeter, more edible apple varieties instead. This shift further diminished the availability of cider-specific apples and contributed to the decline of hard cider.
After the repeal of prohibition in 1933, the beer industry experienced a resurgence, while hard cider struggled to regain its former popularity. The production and marketing of beer were heavily promoted, and hard cider was largely left behind. Additionally, the strong association of apples with sweet, non-alcoholic beverages such as apple juice further hindered the revival of hard cider.
In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in hard cider. Craft cider makers have emerged, producing high-quality ciders using traditional methods and unique apple varieties. Consumers are becoming more adventurous in their beverage choices, seeking out new and exciting flavors, which has created a niche market for hard cider.
As a sommelier and brewer, I have seen this resurgence firsthand. I have had the pleasure of tasting and recommending a variety of hard ciders to my customers. The range of flavors and styles available today is truly impressive, from dry and crisp ciders to sweeter, more fruit-forward options. It is exciting to witness the rediscovery and appreciation of this historic beverage.
The decline of hard cider can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the rise of beer culture, the temperance movement, prohibition, and the shift in apple farming practices. However, the recent resurgence of craft cider has breathed new life into this historic beverage, offering consumers a diverse and flavorful alternative to more mainstream options.