Whiskey and bourbon are both types of alcoholic liquors, but there are some key differences between the two. As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to explore and appreciate the complexities of these spirits. Let's dive into the details.
1. Grain Composition:
Whiskey is a broad term that encompasses various types of distilled spirits made from fermented mashed grains. It can be made from grains like barley, wheat, rye, and corn. On the other hand, bourbon is a specific type of whiskey that must be made from a grain mixture that is at least 51% corn. The remaining grains used in bourbon can include barley, rye, and wheat.
2. Geographic Origin:
Bourbon has strong ties to its geographic origin. It was traditionally made in Bourbon County, Kentucky, hence the name “bourbon.” However, today, bourbon can be produced anywhere in the United States. Despite this, the majority of bourbon production still takes place in Kentucky, where the climate and limestone-rich water contribute to its unique flavor profile.
3. Distillation Process:
Both whiskey and bourbon undergo a similar distillation process. They are distilled at a relatively high proof, typically between 125 to 160 proof (62.5% to 80% alcohol by volume). However, when it comes to bourbon, certain regulations dictate the distillation process. It must be distilled to no more than 160 proof and entered into the barrel for aging at no more than 125 proof.
4. Aging Requirements:
Aging is a crucial step in the production of whiskey and bourbon. To be called “straight” bourbon, it must be aged in new, charred oak barrels for a minimum of two years. However, if the bourbon is aged for less than four years, the age statement must be mentioned on the label. Whiskey, on the other hand, does not have specific aging requirements, and its aging period can vary significantly depending on the type and style.
5. Flavor Profile:
Bourbon is known for its rich, full-bodied flavor with hints of caramel, vanilla, and oak. The high corn content gives it a slightly sweet taste. Whiskey, being a broader category, encompasses a wide range of flavors. It can be smoky (as in the case of peated Scotch whisky), fruity, spicy, or even herbal, depending on the grains used and the production process.
6. Labeling and Regulations:
The labeling and regulations surrounding whiskey and bourbon can differ. Bourbon, as a legally defined term, must meet specific criteria to be labeled as such. Whiskey, on the other hand, does not have such strict regulations, allowing for more flexibility in production and labeling.
Bourbon is a specific type of whiskey that must be made from a grain mixture with at least 51% corn and aged in new, charred oak barrels. It has a distinct flavor profile and is often associated with Kentucky. Whiskey, on the other hand, is a broader category that encompasses a variety of spirits made from fermented grains. The flavor, aging requirements, and regulations can vary depending on the specific type of whiskey.