As an expert sommelier and brewer, I can provide you with a detailed answer to the question of what liquor is considered bourbon. Bourbon is a specific type of whiskey that is defined by US Trade Legislation. In order to be labeled as bourbon, a whiskey must meet certain criteria regarding its mashbill, or recipe of grains used in production.
The key requirement for bourbon is that the mashbill must consist of 51% to 80% corn. This means that the majority of the grains used in making bourbon is corn. However, it is important to note that most distillers typically use around 70% corn content in their mashbill. This allows them to have some flexibility in choosing other grains to complement the corn and add complexity to the flavor profile of the bourbon.
While corn is the primary grain used in bourbon, distillers have the freedom to select other grains for the remaining portion of the mashbill. Common grains used alongside corn in bourbon production include barley, rye, and wheat. These grains can contribute different flavors and characteristics to the final product. For example, rye can add spiciness and complexity, while wheat can lend a softer and smoother mouthfeel.
The choice of grains in the mashbill is a crucial factor in shaping the flavor profile of bourbon. Different combinations of grains can result in variations in taste, aroma, and texture. Distillers often experiment with different mashbills to create unique and distinctive bourbons.
Another important aspect to consider is the aging process. Bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels. This requirement contributes to the rich flavors and deep amber color associated with bourbon. The aging process allows the whiskey to interact with the wood, extracting flavors and aromas, and mellowing out harsh characteristics.
In addition to the specific grain requirements and aging process, bourbon must also meet certain criteria regarding its production location. While bourbon can be made anywhere in the United States, it has strong associations with Kentucky. The state has a long history of bourbon production and is often referred to as the birthplace of bourbon.
To summarize, bourbon is a type of whiskey that is defined by US Trade Legislation. It is characterized by its mashbill, with corn being the primary grain used, typically comprising around 70% of the mashbill. Distillers have the flexibility to select other grains such as barley, rye, and wheat to complement the corn. Bourbon must also be aged in new, charred oak barrels, which contributes to its distinctive flavor and color. While bourbon can be produced anywhere in the US, it has strong ties to Kentucky.