The three levels of Chianti are Chianti, Chianti Classico, and Chianti Classico Riserva. Each level has its own characteristics and regulations that govern its production.
1. Chianti: This is the most basic level of Chianti and represents the majority of Chianti production. It is made from a minimum of 80% Sangiovese grapes, with the remaining 20% typically composed of other red grape varieties such as Canaiolo, Colorino, and Cabernet Sauvignon. Chianti can also include a small percentage of white grapes such as Trebbiano and Malvasia. The use of white grapes is a traditional practice in the region. However, recent changes in regulations allow for the exclusion of white grapes entirely.
Chianti is known for its medium-bodied character, with flavors of red cherry, plum, and earthy notes. It often exhibits high acidity and moderate tannins, which make it a versatile wine that pairs well with a variety of foods. Chianti is typically aged for a minimum of 3-6 months before release, with some producers opting for longer aging to enhance complexity.
2. Chianti Classico: Chianti Classico is a sub-zone within the larger Chianti region, encompassing the original and historical heartland of Chianti production. It is considered the premium level of Chianti and is made from grapes grown exclusively within this designated area. Chianti Classico must contain a minimum of 80% Sangiovese grapes, with the remaining 20% consisting of approved red grape varieties.
Chianti Classico wines are often more concentrated and complex than their basic Chianti counterparts. They tend to exhibit more pronounced aromas and flavors of dark cherries, blackberries, and spices. The wines also have firmer tannins and higher acidity, which contribute to their aging potential. Chianti Classico must be aged for a minimum of 12 months, with at least 3 months of bottle aging, before release.
3. Chianti Classico Riserva: Chianti Classico Riserva is the highest level of Chianti and represents the pinnacle of quality within the region. It is made from the best grapes of the vintage and undergoes longer aging to further develop its complexity and structure. Chianti Classico Riserva must be aged for a minimum of 24 months, with at least 3 months of bottle aging.
Chianti Classico Riserva wines are characterized by their depth and intensity. They often display richer flavors of dark fruits, dried herbs, and tobacco, with a firm tannic structure. These wines have excellent aging potential and can continue to evolve and improve over many years.
It's worth noting that Chianti and Chianti Classico wines can vary significantly in style and quality depending on the producer. Some producers may choose to exceed the minimum aging requirements or use different grape varieties to add complexity to their wines. It's always advisable to explore different producers and vintages within each level of Chianti to discover your personal preferences.