In a stillhouse, various spirits are produced through the process of distillation. This fascinating place is filled with a multitude of machines, gadgets, and tools that play a crucial role in creating the flavors and aromas we associate with spirits such as whiskey, rum, vodka, and gin. As an expert sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to explore and witness the magic that unfolds within these walls.
1. Stills: Stills are the heart and soul of any distillery. These large, copper or stainless-steel vessels are where the distillation process takes place. There are generally two types of stills used: pot stills and column stills. Pot stills, with their distinct shape and design, are often used for producing spirits with more character and flavor. Column stills, on the other hand, are known for producing neutral spirits that can be further manipulated to create a wide variety of spirits.
2. Mash Tun: The mash tun is a vessel used for creating the mash, which is a mixture of grains, water, and enzymes. This is where the fermentation process begins. The grains used can vary depending on the spirit being produced. For whiskey, malted barley is commonly used, while rum often includes sugarcane or molasses in the mash.
3. Fermentation Tanks: Once the mash is prepared, it is transferred to fermentation tanks. These tanks are designed to provide an optimal environment for yeast to convert sugars into alcohol through the process of fermentation. The tanks are usually made of stainless steel, and temperature and pH levels are carefully controlled to ensure the yeast performs its job efficiently. The duration of fermentation can range from a few days to several weeks, depending on the desired flavor profile.
4. Distillation Columns: In a stillhouse, you'll often find tall and impressive distillation columns. These columns are used in continuous distillation, a method commonly employed in the production of vodka and neutral spirits. The columns consist of multiple plates or trays, allowing for the separation of different compounds based on their boiling points. This process allows distillers to achieve high levels of purity and remove unwanted impurities.
5. Aging Barrels: Once the spirit has been distilled, it is often aged in barrels. These aging barrels are typically made of oak, which imparts unique flavors and characteristics to the spirit over time. Whiskey, for example, gains its rich amber color and complex flavors from the interaction with the wood. The aging process can take anywhere from a few years to several decades, depending on the desired style and quality of the spirit.
6. Bottling Line: in the stillhouse, you'll come across a bottling line where the finished spirits are prepared for distribution. This is where the spirits are filtered, diluted to their desired proof, and carefully bottled. Labels are applied, and the bottles are sealed before being packaged for shipment to consumers around the world.
Being in a stillhouse is a sensory experience like no other. The air is often filled with the aromas of grains, yeast, and aging spirits. The machines hum with activity, and the skilled distillers work meticulously to ensure the quality and consistency of their products. It is truly a place where science and artistry come together to create the spirits we enjoy.