Bourbon is a specific type of whiskey that is defined by US Trade Legislation. As an expert sommelier and brewer, I can provide you with a detailed explanation of what exactly makes bourbon unique.
To be legally considered bourbon, the mashbill of the whiskey must contain 51% – 80% corn. This means that the majority of the grains used in the production of bourbon is corn. However, it is important to note that most distillers opt for a corn content of around 70% in their mashbill. This high corn content contributes to the distinct flavor profile of bourbon.
In addition to the corn, distillers have the freedom to choose other grains to make up the remaining portion of the mashbill. This allows for a certain level of creativity and variation in the production of bourbon. Common grains used in the production of bourbon include barley, rye, and wheat. These grains add complexity and depth of flavor to the whiskey.
One of the key factors that sets bourbon apart from other types of whiskey is the aging process. By law, bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels. This requirement imparts unique flavors and characteristics to the spirit. The charred oak barrels contribute notes of caramel, vanilla, and spice to the bourbon, enhancing its overall complexity.
Furthermore, bourbon must be distilled to no more than 160 proof (80% alcohol by volume) and entered into the barrel for aging at no more than 125 proof (62.5% alcohol by volume). This ensures that the bourbon retains its rich flavors and has a robust character.
It is worth mentioning that bourbon has a strong association with American whiskey production. While other countries produce whiskies that may be similar in style, only American-made whiskey can legally be called bourbon. This distinction is important in understanding the cultural and historical significance of bourbon in the United States.
As a personal anecdote, I have had the opportunity to visit several bourbon distilleries in Kentucky, the heartland of bourbon production. The passion and craftsmanship that goes into making bourbon is truly remarkable. From touring the aging warehouses filled with rows upon rows of barrels to witnessing the meticulous blending process, it is evident that bourbon is a labor of love.
Bourbon is a type of whiskey that is characterized by its mashbill, which consists of 51% – 80% corn. The use of high corn content, along with other grains, contributes to the unique flavor profile of bourbon. The aging process in new, charred oak barrels and specific regulations regarding proof further differentiate bourbon from other types of whiskey. Its association with American whiskey production and the rich history behind it make bourbon a beloved and iconic spirit.