The history of the Zinfandel and Primitivo grape is a fascinating journey that spans continents and centuries. While these two names refer to the same grape variety, they have different origins and were named differently due to historical and geographical factors.
The story begins in Croatia, where the Zinfandel grape is believed to have originated. In the 19th century, many Croatians migrated to the United States, particularly to California, bringing with them their beloved grapevine. The Zinfandel grape thrived in the warm climate of California, and it quickly became one of the most widely planted varieties in the region.
Meanwhile, in the southern region of Italy, specifically in Puglia, a grape variety known as Primitivo was being cultivated. It was later discovered that Primitivo and Zinfandel were genetically identical, despite their different names and appearances.
The confusion surrounding the identity of these grapes persisted for many years. It wasn't until the 1960s that a Californian professor, Dr. Austin Goheen, conducted DNA testing and confirmed the link between Zinfandel and Primitivo. This discovery was groundbreaking and shed light on the shared history and genetic relationship of these two grapes.
So, how did these grapes end up with different names? The answer lies in the historical context of their cultivation. When the Zinfandel grape arrived in the United States, it underwent various name changes. Initially, it was referred to as “Black St. Peters” and “Zenfendal” before eventually being called Zinfandel. On the other hand, the Primitivo grape maintained its name in Italy.
The divergence in names can be attributed to the different cultures and languages of the regions where these grapes were cultivated. The Croatian immigrants in California likely anglicized the name “Zinfandel” to better suit the English language, while the Italians continued to use the name “Primitivo” in their native tongue.
It's worth noting that while Zinfandel and Primitivo are genetically identical, there can be slight differences in their flavor profiles due to variations in terroir, climate, and winemaking techniques. Zinfandel from California is known for its jammy, fruit-forward characteristics, often with notes of blackberry, raspberry, and spice. Primitivo from Italy, on the other hand, tends to exhibit more rustic and earthy flavors, with hints of cherry, tobacco, and leather.
Zinfandel and Primitivo are two names for the same grape variety, originating from Croatia and Italy, respectively. The different names arose due to historical and linguistic factors, with Zinfandel becoming synonymous with the grape in the United States and Primitivo retaining its name in Italy. Despite these variations, both Zinfandel and Primitivo offer unique and enjoyable wine experiences.