English bitter and India pale ale (IPA) are both beer styles that originated in England, but they have distinct characteristics that set them apart. While they share some similarities, they are not the same.
1. History and Origins:
– English bitter: Bitter beer has a long history in England and is considered a traditional British style. It dates back to the 19th century when pale ales were first brewed. Bitter beers were originally known as “pale ales” and were less hoppy compared to today's bitters.
– India pale ale (IPA): IPA also has its origins in England and has a fascinating history. It was originally brewed in the 18th century for export to British colonies in India. To withstand the long sea journey, extra hops were added to the beer for preservation, making it more hop-forward than traditional pale ales.
2. Hop Character:
– English bitter: Bitters typically have a moderate hop character, but it is generally less prominent compared to IPAs. The bitterness in bitters comes from English hop varieties, which tend to have a more earthy, floral, or herbal flavor profile. The hop presence in bitters is balanced with malt sweetness.
– IPA: IPAs are known for their pronounced hop bitterness, aroma, and flavor. American or New World hop varieties are often used, which have more citrus, pine, or tropical fruit characteristics. IPAs can range from moderately hoppy to extremely hop-forward, depending on the specific style.
3. ABV (Alcohol By Volume):
– English bitter: In the UK, bitters are typically lower in alcohol content compared to IPAs. According to a 2020 survey by the Society of Independent Brewers (SIBA), the average strength of bitter beers in the UK was 4.2%. This lower ABV allows for a more sessionable drinking experience.
– IPA: IPAs generally have a higher alcohol content, ranging from 5% to 7% or even higher for double IPAs. The higher ABV in IPAs can contribute to a fuller body and a more significant alcohol presence.
4. Flavor Profile:
– English bitter: Bitter beers are known for their balanced flavor profile. They have a moderate malt sweetness that complements the hop bitterness. The malt character can range from biscuity and caramel-like to slightly toasty or nutty. Bitters often have a dry finish, making them refreshing and easy to drink.
– IPA: IPAs are all about hops. They showcase hop flavors and aromas, which can vary from fruity and citrusy to resinous and piney. IPAs can have a more significant malt backbone, but the hop bitterness usually dominates the flavor profile. IPAs often have a dry finish, but the bitterness can linger on the palate.
While both English bitters and IPAs are beer styles with British origins, they differ in terms of hop character, ABV, and flavor profile. Bitters are generally less hoppy, have lower alcohol content, and offer a balanced flavor profile, while IPAs are known for their hop-forwardness, higher ABV, and emphasis on hop bitterness and aroma.