Oaxacans, the people from the Mexican state of Oaxaca, have a rich cultural heritage that is distinct from both the Aztec and Mayan civilizations. While Oaxaca is located in the same region where the Aztec empire once flourished, the indigenous population in this area predates the arrival of the Aztecs. Oaxaca is actually known for its strong indigenous presence, with a majority of its population being indigenous peoples.
The Aztec empire, centered in the Valley of Mexico, was one of the most powerful Mesoamerican civilizations. They built a vast empire through military conquest and established their capital city, Tenochtitlan, which is now modern-day Mexico City. The Aztecs had a highly developed society, known for their advanced agricultural practices, intricate city planning, and complex religious beliefs. However, the influence of the Aztecs in Oaxaca is mainly historical and cultural rather than genetic or ancestral.
On the other hand, the Mayan civilization was prominent in the Yucatan Peninsula and other parts of southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The Maya were known for their impressive architectural achievements, such as the magnificent ruins of Chichen Itza and Tikal. They had a sophisticated writing system, a complex calendar, and made significant contributions in mathematics and astronomy. While Oaxaca is geographically close to some Mayan territories, the Mayan influence in the region is not as strong as in other areas.
The indigenous population in Oaxaca is comprised of various ethnic groups, including the Zapotec, Mixtec, Mazatec, Triqui, and Chatino, among others. These indigenous groups have their own unique languages, customs, and traditions that have been preserved for centuries. They have a deep connection to the land and maintain agricultural practices that have sustained their communities for generations.
Personally, as a sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to visit Oaxaca and immerse myself in its vibrant culture. I have had the privilege of tasting traditional beverages such as mezcal, a distilled spirit made from agave, which is deeply rooted in Oaxacan tradition. Mezcal production is often a family affair, with each family having its own unique recipe and techniques passed down through generations. The flavors and aromas of mezcal reflect the rich cultural heritage of Oaxaca and its indigenous peoples.
Oaxacans are neither Aztec nor Mayan, but rather they have their own distinct indigenous identities that have evolved over centuries. The indigenous population of Oaxaca, with its diverse ethnic groups, contributes to the cultural richness and diversity of the region. Oaxaca stands out in the region as a place where indigenous traditions and customs are deeply ingrained in everyday life, making it a fascinating destination for those seeking to explore the indigenous heritage of Mexico.