You can absolutely ferment in Lowe's buckets! I have actually been using them for fermenting for a few years now, ever since I started getting into the brewing hobby. While they may not provide an airtight seal like some specialized fermentation vessels, they still do a decent job of keeping out bugs and stray yeast.
One thing to keep in mind is that fermentation produces carbon dioxide, which creates internal pressure within the fermentation vessel. The good news is that the buckets are usually sturdy enough to handle this pressure without any issues. In fact, I have never had a Lowe's bucket explode or fail on me during fermentation.
Of course, it is important to ensure that the bucket is clean and sanitized before using it for fermentation. I typically give mine a thorough cleaning with a mild detergent and warm water, followed by a sanitizing rinse with a solution of Star San or another brewing sanitizer. This helps to prevent any unwanted bacteria or wild yeast from contaminating my fermentation.
While the lids of Lowe's buckets may not provide a perfect seal, they do a decent job of keeping out unwanted contaminants. The internal pressure from fermentation actually helps to create a sort of “breathing” effect, where carbon dioxide pushes outwards and prevents air from entering the bucket. This is important because exposure to oxygen can lead to oxidation and off flavors in your fermenting beverage.
To further enhance the seal, some brewers and winemakers use an additional layer of plastic wrap or a rubber gasket between the lid and the bucket. This can help to create a tighter seal and reduce the risk of any air leakage.
It's worth noting that while Lowe's buckets can work well for fermentation, there are other options available that are specifically designed for this purpose. These specialized fermentation vessels often come with airlocks or other features that provide a more controlled fermentation environment. However, if you're just starting out or on a budget, using a Lowe's bucket can be a perfectly acceptable choice.
Fermenting in Lowe's buckets is definitely possible and can yield good results. While they may not provide an airtight seal, the internal pressure from fermentation helps to keep out unwanted contaminants. With proper cleaning and sanitization, Lowe's buckets can be a reliable and affordable option for home fermentation projects.