Bitters do contain alcohol. In fact, they are classified as alcoholic beverages. However, their alcohol content is relatively low compared to other spirits. Bitters typically have an alcohol by volume (ABV) ranging from 35% to 45%. This puts them in the same range as many other liqueurs and fortified wines.
One might wonder why bitters are not subject to the same age restrictions as other alcoholic beverages. The reason lies in their usage and the quantities in which they are typically consumed. Bitters are known for their intensely concentrated flavors, and as such, they are used sparingly in cocktails and recipes. A few drops or a dash of bitters is often enough to impart their unique taste.
Due to their strong flavor and small serving size, the overall alcohol contribution from bitters is quite negligible. When used in cocktails, the small amount of bitters added does not significantly increase the overall alcohol content of the drink. Therefore, bitters are not typically consumed in quantities that would result in intoxication.
Another factor to consider is the packaging of bitters. They are commonly sold in small bottles, usually no larger than 4 ounces. This further supports the notion that they are meant to be used sparingly. The small size of these bottles makes it impractical to consume them in large quantities or to consume them straight.
It's worth noting that the main purpose of bitters is not to provide alcohol but to enhance the flavors of other ingredients in a drink or recipe. Bitters are made by infusing a variety of botanicals, herbs, spices, and bittering agents into a base alcohol. This creates a concentrated flavor extract that adds complexity and depth to cocktails.
In my experience as a sommelier and brewer, I have come across a wide range of bitters with different flavor profiles. Some popular types include Angostura bitters, Peychaud's bitters, and orange bitters. Each of these has its own distinct taste and can greatly enhance the overall drinking experience.
To summarize, while bitters do contain alcohol, their usage in cocktails and recipes is typically in such small quantities that their overall alcohol contribution is negligible. They are sold in small bottles due to their concentrated flavor and are meant to be used sparingly. Therefore, age restrictions for purchasing bitters are not enforced as strictly as for other alcoholic beverages.