Chardonnay is a versatile grape variety that can be used to produce both still white wines and sparkling wines. However, when you see a bottle of wine labeled as Chardonnay, it is almost always referring to a still white wine.
Chardonnay is widely cultivated around the world and is known for its ability to express a range of flavors and styles depending on the region and winemaking techniques used. When it comes to still Chardonnay, it typically undergoes a fermentation process that converts the grape juice into alcohol, resulting in a still, non-effervescent wine.
On the other hand, Chardonnay is also commonly used in the production of sparkling wines, such as Champagne. In this case, the winemaking process involves a second fermentation that creates the characteristic bubbles in the wine. The grapes are harvested and pressed to extract the juice, which is then fermented once to create a base wine. This base wine is then bottled with additional yeast and sugar, triggering a second fermentation inside the bottle. The carbon dioxide produced during this fermentation gets trapped in the wine, creating the bubbles.
The confusion surrounding Chardonnay and its effervescence may stem from the fact that it is one of the main grape varieties used in Champagne production. Champagne is a sparkling wine, and many people associate Chardonnay with this style. However, it's important to note that not all Chardonnay wines are sparkling.
When it comes to still Chardonnay, it is typically enjoyed for its rich and diverse flavors. Depending on the region and winemaking practices, still Chardonnay can exhibit a range of characteristics, from crisp and citrusy to creamy and buttery. It is often aged in oak barrels, which can impart additional flavors and textures to the wine.
In my personal experience as a sommelier, I have encountered numerous still Chardonnays that showcase the grape's unique qualities and terroir. I have tasted Chardonnays from cool climate regions like Chablis in France, which offer vibrant acidity and mineral notes, as well as Chardonnays from warmer regions like California, where the wines tend to be fuller-bodied with ripe fruit flavors.
To summarize, Chardonnay can be both still and sparkling, but when you see a bottle labeled as Chardonnay, it is most likely referring to a still white wine. The grape variety's versatility allows it to produce a wide range of still wines with various flavor profiles, making it a popular choice among wine enthusiasts.