Burton water salts are a combination of specific minerals that are used to modify the composition of water used in brewing beer. These salts are named after the town of Burton upon Trent in England, which has historically been known for its brewing industry and the unique characteristics of its water. The three main salts that make up Burton water salts are magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, and calcium sulfate.
Magnesium sulfate, also known as Epsom salt, contributes to the hardness of the water. Hard water contains high levels of minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium ions. In the case of brewing, the magnesium sulfate helps to enhance the effectiveness of Irish Moss, a clarifying agent used to coagulate haze-producing malt proteins. This results in a clearer and more visually appealing beer.
Potassium chloride is another component of Burton water salts and is used to further increase the hardness of the water. It helps to balance the mineral content and provides a crisper hop character to the beer. The presence of potassium ions can also influence the fermentation process and contribute to the overall flavor profile of the beer.
Calcium sulfate, also known as gypsum, is the third salt in the mix. It is a common addition in brewing water as it helps to increase the calcium content, which plays a crucial role in the enzymatic reactions during mashing. Calcium ions aid in the extraction of desirable flavors, enzymes, and sugars from the malt, resulting in a more efficient and effective brewing process.
When these three salts are combined in specific ratios and added to brewing water, they help to replicate the mineral composition of the water found in Burton upon Trent. This is particularly beneficial for brewing certain beer styles, such as English ales, which traditionally use water with similar characteristics.
The use of Burton water salts is not limited to commercial breweries in England. Many homebrewers and craft brewers around the world also utilize these salts to modify their water profiles and achieve desired flavor profiles in their beers. By adjusting the mineral content of the water, brewers have greater control over the brewing process and can create beers with more consistent and specific characteristics.
In my personal experience as a brewer, I have found that incorporating Burton water salts into my brewing water has helped me achieve better results in terms of clarity and flavor. The hardness of the water provided by these salts enhances the overall brewing process and contributes to the development of a well-balanced and enjoyable beer.