Bitters, as their name suggests, are made from a combination of bitter and aromatic ingredients. These ingredients can vary widely, depending on the brand and the specific flavor profile desired. However, there are some common ingredients that are often found in bitters.
One key ingredient in many bitters is cinchona bark. This bark contains quinine, which gives bitters their characteristic bitter taste. Quinine is also known for its medicinal properties and is used to treat malaria. The use of cinchona bark in bitters dates back to the 18th century when it was used as a remedy for various ailments.
Another common ingredient in bitters is gentian root. Gentian is a flowering plant that is known for its intensely bitter taste. It has long been used in traditional medicine and is believed to have digestive benefits. The addition of gentian root to bitters adds another layer of bitterness and complexity to the flavor profile.
Cascarilla is another ingredient that is often found in bitters. It is the bark of the croton tree and has a slightly woody and nutty flavor. Cascarilla adds depth and complexity to the flavor profile of bitters and helps balance out the bitterness of other ingredients.
Citrus peels, particularly orange peels, are commonly used in bitters. The zest of citrus peels contains aromatic oils that add a bright and refreshing note to the bitters. These oils also provide a hint of citrus flavor, which can complement the bitter and herbal elements.
In addition to these key ingredients, bitters may also include a variety of other herbs, spices, fruits, and roots. Some examples include cardamom, coriander, cinnamon, cloves, ginger, and angelica root. Each of these ingredients contributes its own unique flavor and aroma to the bitters.
The process of making bitters involves macerating or steeping these ingredients in a neutral alcohol, such as vodka or grain alcohol. The high alcohol content helps extract the flavors and aromas from the ingredients. The mixture is then left to infuse for a period of time, allowing the flavors to meld together and develop.
After the infusion period, the bitters are typically strained to remove the solids, resulting in a liquid that is rich in flavor and aroma. Some bitters may also be aged in barrels or bottles for a period of time to further develop and mellow the flavors.
It's worth noting that there are many different types of bitters available, each with its own unique combination of ingredients. Some bitters are specifically designed for use in cocktails, while others may be used as a digestive aid or flavor enhancer in cooking. The possibilities for bitters are endless, and the choice of ingredients can greatly impact the final product.
Bitters are made from a combination of bitter and aromatic ingredients, such as cinchona bark, gentian root, cascarilla, and citrus peels, along with a variety of other herbs, spices, fruits, and roots. The infusion of these ingredients in a high-proof alcohol creates a flavorful and complex liquid that adds depth and balance to cocktails and other culinary creations.