Barleywine is indeed a beer, despite its name. While the term “wine” may initially confuse some, it refers to the beer's high alcohol content, comparable to that of wine. However, unlike wine, which is made from fermented fruit, barleywine is crafted from grains, specifically barley. This key distinction categorizes barleywine as a type of beer.
As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the pleasure of exploring the world of barleywine and appreciating its unique characteristics. This beer style is known for its rich and complex flavors, high alcohol content, and full-bodied nature. It is often enjoyed in smaller quantities, sipped and savored like a fine wine.
One defining aspect of barleywine is its alcohol strength, which typically ranges from 6 to 12% ABV (alcohol by volume). This places it on the higher end of the alcohol spectrum for beers. In fact, some barleywines can even surpass the 12% mark, pushing the boundaries of what is traditionally considered beer.
To achieve such high alcohol levels, brewers start with a specific gravity as high as 1.120. Specific gravity measures the density of the liquid, which is directly related to the amount of fermentable sugars present in the wort (unfermented beer). By beginning with a high specific gravity, brewers ensure that there is ample sugar available for fermentation, resulting in a higher alcohol content.
The use of malted barley as the primary grain in barleywine production is another factor that distinguishes it as a beer. Barley is malted, meaning it is soaked, germinated, and then dried, which activates enzymes that convert its starches into fermentable sugars. These sugars are then extracted during the mashing process and fermented by yeast to produce alcohol.
Barleywine's malt-forward character is often complemented by a variety of hops, which provide bitterness and balance to the beer. This combination of malt sweetness and hop bitterness creates a harmonious flavor profile that evolves over time. Barleywines are often aged for extended periods, allowing the flavors to mellow and develop complexity, similar to aging wine.
While the name “barleywine” may lead one to believe it is a type of wine, it is, in fact, a beer. Its high alcohol content, use of barley as the primary grain, and the brewing process all align with beer production. Barleywine offers a unique drinking experience, showcasing the craftsmanship and creativity of brewers, as well as the diverse flavors and aromas that can be achieved in the world of beer.