As an experienced sommelier and brewer, I have encountered my fair share of bad white wines. It is important to be able to identify when a white wine has gone bad, as it can greatly affect the enjoyment of the drink. There are a few key signs to look out for when determining if a white wine has gone bad.
Color is one of the first indicators of a white wine's condition. A fresh white wine will typically have a light straw or pale yellow color, indicating its youthfulness and vibrancy. However, a wine that has gone bad will have a noticeable change in color. It will turn a deep gold, and may even have subtle brown notes. This discoloration is a result of oxidation, which occurs when the wine is exposed to air for extended periods.
When it comes to the aroma of a bad white wine, there are a few distinct characteristics to be aware of. A good white wine will have a pleasant and aromatic nose, with notes of fruits, flowers, and sometimes even minerals. However, a bad white wine will have a distinct and off-putting smell. It may have a nutty or even slightly oxidized scent, indicating that it has been exposed to too much air. Additionally, a bad white wine may also have a vinegar-like aroma, which is a clear sign that it has turned and is no longer drinkable.
The taste of a bad white wine is perhaps the most telling sign of its deterioration. A fresh and well-made white wine will have a balanced and lively flavor profile. You can expect to taste bright fruits such as citrus, apple, or tropical fruits, along with a pleasant acidity and perhaps a touch of sweetness. However, when a white wine has gone bad, these flavors will be muted, if they are present at all. The wine will taste flat, lacking any vibrancy or freshness. Instead, you may detect a nutty or oxidized flavor, similar to what you might find in a sherry or a fortified wine. Additionally, a bad white wine may also have a slightly vinegary taste, indicating that it has undergone spoilage.
It is worth noting that not all changes in a white wine's flavor profile indicate that it has gone bad. Some white wines, particularly those that have undergone aging or are made in an oxidative style, may have characteristics that resemble those of a wine that has gone bad. For example, certain white wines may exhibit nutty or oxidized flavors intentionally, as part of their intended style. However, these wines are carefully crafted and should not be confused with a white wine that has simply gone bad.
When determining if a white wine has gone bad, it is important to pay attention to its color, aroma, and taste. A wine that has turned will have a deep gold color with subtle brown notes. It will have an off-putting smell, potentially with nutty or oxidized scents, and may even have a vinegar-like aroma. The taste of a bad white wine will be flat, lacking any vibrancy or freshness, with muted or nonexistent fruit flavors. If you encounter these signs, it is best to avoid drinking the wine and seek out a fresh bottle instead.