Cognac is a beloved and prestigious spirit that is renowned for its complexity and rich flavors. It is classified into four different grades, each with its own unique characteristics and aging requirements. These grades are VS, VSOP, XO, and Hors d'Age. Let's delve into each grade and explore what sets them apart.
1. VS (Very Special) or * (Three Stars):
The VS grade, also known as Very Special or Three Stars, represents the youngest and least aged cognac. It is made from eaux-de-vie (distilled spirits) that have been aged in oak barrels for a minimum of two years. VS cognacs typically have a vibrant and fruity character, with notes of citrus, pear, and grape. They are often enjoyed as a base for cocktails due to their freshness and affordability.
2. VSOP (Very Superior Old Pale) or Reserve:
Moving up the ladder, we have the VSOP grade, which stands for Very Superior Old Pale or Reserve. VSOP cognacs are crafted from eaux-de-vie that have been aged for a minimum of four years, double the aging requirement of the VS grade. This additional aging allows the cognac to develop more complexity, depth, and roundness. VSOP cognacs are known for their smoothness, with flavors of dried fruits, vanilla, and oak. They are often enjoyed neat or on the rocks, as their delicate flavors shine through when sipped slowly.
3. XO (Extra Old):
XO cognacs, also referred to as Extra Old, are made exclusively from eaux-de-vie that have been aged for a minimum of ten years. This extended aging period imparts a remarkable depth of flavor and complexity, making XO cognacs highly sought after by connoisseurs. XO cognacs often exhibit a rich amber color and offer a luxurious sensory experience. With notes of caramel, chocolate, spices, and dried fruits, they provide a velvety and full-bodied taste. XO cognacs are typically enjoyed neat or paired with a cigar, as they are meant to be savored and appreciated slowly.
4. Hors d'Age:
Hors d'Age, meaning “beyond age” in French, is a grade that goes beyond the minimum aging requirements of XO cognac. It represents the pinnacle of quality and craftsmanship, as these cognacs are aged for an exceptionally long time, often exceeding 20 years. Hors d'Age cognacs showcase unparalleled complexity, with layers of flavors that evolve and intertwine on the palate. These rare and exquisite spirits are often reserved for special occasions or as a luxurious indulgence.
It is worth noting that while these grades provide a general guideline, the age statements mentioned are minimum requirements, and many cognacs within each grade exceed these minimums. Additionally, the aging process takes place in oak barrels, which impart their own unique flavors and contribute to the final profile of the cognac.
As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the pleasure of tasting various cognacs across these different grades. Each grade offers its own distinct experience, catering to different preferences and occasions. Whether you are seeking a vibrant and youthful VS, a refined and smooth VSOP, a lavish and complex XO, or an extraordinary Hors d'Age, the world of cognac has something to offer for every discerning palate.