As an expert sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to explore the distinct regions of Anjou and Saumur and appreciate their unique geological characteristics. While these two regions are often linked due to their close proximity in the Loire Valley, they are geologically quite different.
Let's start with Saumur, which is predominantly composed of limestone. This limestone formation is an extension of the Paris basin, known for its chalky soils. The limestone in Saumur contributes to the region's excellent drainage, which is highly favorable for grapevines. It also imparts a certain minerality to the wines produced here. The chalky soils are particularly well-suited for the cultivation of Chenin Blanc, the flagship grape variety of the region. The limestone also plays a role in the production of sparkling wines, as it provides the necessary acidity and texture for these wines to develop their characteristic fine bubbles.
On the other hand, Anjou is characterized by a diverse range of geological formations, including granite, schist, and slate. These igneous and metamorphic rocks are an extension of the Brittany peninsula, which gives Anjou its unique terroir. The granite soils in Anjou provide a different set of characteristics to the wines produced here. They have good water retention properties, which can be advantageous in dry years, as the vines can access water stored in the soil. The granite also imparts a certain freshness and vibrant acidity to the wines, making them lively and refreshing.
In addition to granite, Anjou is also known for its schist and slate soils. These rocky formations have excellent heat retention properties, which can be particularly beneficial in cooler vintages. The warmth absorbed by the rocks during the day is released at night, creating a microclimate that helps ripen the grapes. The resulting wines tend to be rich and concentrated, with complex flavors and a distinctive sense of place.
In terms of grape varieties, Anjou has a wider range of options compared to Saumur. While Chenin Blanc is still prominent in Anjou, other varieties such as Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, and Gamay are also grown here. These different grape varieties thrive in the diverse geological makeup of the region, each expressing their own unique characteristics.
In my personal experiences, I have found that wines from Saumur often exhibit a crisp and vibrant acidity, with pronounced mineral notes due to the limestone soils. Chenin Blanc wines from Saumur can range from bone-dry to lusciously sweet, offering a wide spectrum of flavors. Saumur also produces excellent sparkling wines, known as Crémant de Loire, which possess a delicate mousse and a zesty freshness.
On the other hand, wines from Anjou showcase a broader range of flavors and textures. The granite soils contribute to wines with bright acidity and a certain elegance, while the schist and slate soils produce wines with more intensity and depth. Anjou's red wines, often made from Cabernet Franc, can exhibit ripe fruit flavors, silky tannins, and a touch of earthiness.
While Anjou and Saumur are often linked as neighboring regions in the Loire Valley, their geological compositions set them apart. Saumur's limestone soils contribute to wines with pronounced mineral characteristics, while Anjou's diverse range of granite, schist, and slate soils give rise to wines with varying textures and flavors. Exploring the wines from these two distinct regions is a fascinating journey that showcases the incredible diversity of the Loire Valley.