Frizzante and pet nat are two different styles of sparkling wines that have distinct characteristics and production methods. Here, I will delve into the differences between the two to give you a better understanding.
1. Origin and Production:
Frizzante: Frizzante is an Italian term that translates to “lightly sparkling.” These wines are typically produced using the Charmat method, also known as the tank method. In this process, the base wine undergoes a secondary fermentation in a pressurized tank, which creates the bubbles. The wine is then bottled under pressure to retain its effervescence.
Pet Nat: Pet Nat, short for Pétillant Naturel, is a French term that translates to “naturally sparkling.” Pet nats are made using the ancestral method, which is the oldest method of producing sparkling wine. In this method, the wine is bottled before primary fermentation is complete, allowing the fermentation to finish in the bottle. This results in natural carbonation, as the carbon dioxide produced by the yeast is trapped in the bottle.
2. Timing of Fermentation:
Frizzante: In the Charmat method used for frizzante wines, the secondary fermentation is completed before bottling. This means that all the available sugars in the base wine have been fermented, resulting in a drier wine with fewer residual sugars. As a result, frizzantes tend to have fewer bubbles and a lighter, more delicate effervescence.
Pet Nat: Pet nats, on the other hand, are bottled before the primary fermentation is complete. This means that there is still some residual sugar left in the wine when it is bottled, allowing the fermentation to continue in the bottle. This ongoing fermentation creates the bubbles naturally, without the need for additional yeast or sugar. Pet nats tend to have a more pronounced effervescence and can sometimes be slightly sweeter than frizzantes.
3. Bubble Definition and Mouthfeel:
Frizzante: Due to the lower residual sugar content and the use of the Charmat method, frizzantes often have smaller, less defined bubbles. This results in a more subtle effervescence, with a gentle tickle on the palate. Frizzantes are generally lighter in body and can have a refreshing, crisp mouthfeel.
Pet Nat: Pet nats, with their ongoing fermentation in the bottle, tend to have larger and more lively bubbles. This gives them a more vibrant and frothy effervescence, which can be quite exciting on the palate. The mouthfeel of pet nats can be more substantial, with a slightly yeasty character from the fermentation process.
4. Flavor Profile and Complexity:
Frizzante: Frizzantes often showcase the primary fruit flavors of the grapes used, as the secondary fermentation in the Charmat method preserves the freshness and fruitiness of the base wine. They can be crisp, zesty, and refreshing, with flavors ranging from citrus and green apple to tropical fruits. Frizzantes are generally enjoyed when young and vibrant.
Pet Nat: Pet nats, with their natural fermentation process, can exhibit a broader range of flavors and complexity. The ongoing fermentation can add layers of complexity, with hints of bread, yeast, and sometimes funkiness. Pet nats can have a more rustic and “wild” character, with flavors that evolve and change over time. They can also showcase the terroir of the vineyard and the grape variety used.
To summarize, frizzante and pet nat are both sparkling wines but differ in their production methods, residual sugar content, bubble definition, mouthfeel, and flavor profile. Frizzantes tend to be lighter, with delicate bubbles and a crisp, fruity character, while pet nats offer a more vibrant effervescence, complexity, and sometimes a touch of sweetness. Exploring both styles can be a delightful journey into the world of sparkling wines.