In the United States, the whiskey that is made is called bourbon. This particular type of American whiskey is known for its distinct flavor profile and rich history. Bourbon is made primarily from a mash bill that consists of at least 51% corn, with the remaining grains typically being a combination of barley, rye, and wheat.
The process of making bourbon begins with the grains being ground into a coarse meal, which is then combined with water to form a mash. This mash is then cooked, allowing the natural enzymes in the grains to convert the starches into fermentable sugars. After the cooking process, the mash is cooled and yeast is added to start the fermentation process.
During fermentation, the yeast consumes the sugars in the mash and converts them into alcohol. This process typically takes several days, and the resulting liquid is called “distiller's beer” or “distiller's mash.” The alcohol content of this liquid is relatively low, usually around 6-8%.
Once fermentation is complete, the distiller's beer is ready for distillation. The liquid is heated in a still, and as it reaches boiling point, the alcohol vapor rises and is collected. This vapor is then condensed back into a liquid form, resulting in a higher proof spirit known as “new make” or “white dog.” This clear liquid is the basis for all types of whiskey, including bourbon.
After distillation, the new make is aged in charred oak barrels. The aging process is a crucial step in the production of bourbon, as it imparts flavor and color to the spirit. By law, bourbon must be aged in new, charred oak barrels, which helps to give it its signature caramel and vanilla notes.
The aging process can vary, but bourbon is required to be aged for a minimum of two years to be considered “straight” bourbon. However, many bourbons are aged for much longer, with some reaching ages of 10, 12, or even 20 years. During this time, the whiskey interacts with the wood of the barrel, picking up flavors and characteristics that contribute to its overall profile.
Once the bourbon has reached its desired age, it is typically diluted to a specific proof using water. This is done to bring the whiskey to a more palatable strength, as barrel aging typically results in a higher alcohol content. The final product is then filtered to remove any impurities and bottled for sale.
Bourbon is a beloved spirit in the United States and has a rich cultural history. It is often associated with the southern states, particularly Kentucky, where it has been produced for centuries. The production of bourbon is steeped in tradition, and many distilleries continue to use age-old techniques to create their unique expressions.
Bourbon is a type of American whiskey made primarily from a mash bill that contains at least 51% corn. It undergoes a process of fermentation, distillation, and aging in charred oak barrels to create its distinct flavor profile. The final product is a spirit that is beloved by many for its rich history and complex taste.