As an experienced sommelier and brewer, I can confidently say that Cabernet Sauvignon is generally considered to be a drier wine than Merlot. This is primarily due to the higher levels of tannins found in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes compared to Merlot grapes.
Tannins are naturally occurring compounds found in grape skins, seeds, and stems, as well as in oak barrels used for aging wines. They contribute to the astringency and mouth-drying sensation in wine, often described as a “dry” or “grippy” feeling.
When it comes to tannins, Cabernet Sauvignon has a higher concentration than Merlot. This is partly because Cabernet Sauvignon grapes have thicker skins, which contain more tannins. Additionally, the smaller berry size of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes also contributes to higher tannin levels.
During the winemaking process, the contact between the grape skins and the grape juice during fermentation allows for the extraction of tannins. Cabernet Sauvignon wines typically undergo longer maceration periods, where the juice remains in contact with the grape skins, resulting in a higher tannin extraction.
In contrast, Merlot grapes have thinner skins and larger berries, which generally lead to lower tannin levels in the resulting wine. Merlot wines often have a smoother and more approachable mouthfeel compared to Cabernet Sauvignon, with less pronounced tannins and a perceived sense of “fruitiness.”
It's important to note that the perceived dryness of a wine is not solely determined by tannins. Other factors, such as acidity and residual sugar, also play a role. However, in terms of tannin content alone, Cabernet Sauvignon tends to be drier than Merlot.
Of course, it's essential to remember that there can be variations within each grape variety. Winemaking techniques, terroir (the specific environmental factors that influence grape growth), and the ripeness levels of the grapes can all impact the final style and perceived dryness of the wine.
In my personal experience, I have encountered many Cabernet Sauvignon wines that exhibit pronounced tannins and a drier sensation on the palate. These wines often pair well with rich, fatty foods or benefit from some additional aging to soften the tannins.
On the other hand, Merlot wines tend to have softer tannins and a more approachable character, making them enjoyable to drink on their own or paired with lighter dishes. However, it's worth noting that some Merlot wines can still have noticeable tannins, especially if they are made in a more structured style or from grapes grown in regions with warmer climates.
While there can be variations within each grape variety, Cabernet Sauvignon generally has more tannins than Merlot, making it the drier wine of the two. However, it's essential to consider other factors such as acidity and residual sugar, as well as individual winemaking styles and grape growing conditions, when evaluating the overall dryness of a wine.