In the late 1800s, before the advent of modern refrigeration techniques, keeping beer cold was quite a challenge. However, establishments like the Longbranch Saloon in Gunsmoke seemed to have found a way to offer cold beer to their patrons. While the show may not have explicitly shown the method they used to keep the beer cold, we can speculate on a few possible techniques based on the historical context of the time.
1. Icehouses: One method commonly used during that era was the construction of icehouses. These were essentially large, insulated structures used to store ice harvested during the winter months. The ice would be packed tightly and covered with insulating materials such as sawdust or straw. The icehouses would often be built partially underground to maintain a cool temperature. It is possible that the Longbranch Saloon had access to such an icehouse, allowing them to store blocks of ice to chill their beer.
2. Iceboxes: Another possibility is that the Longbranch Saloon used iceboxes to cool their beer. Iceboxes were wooden or metal cabinets lined with insulation, with a compartment specifically designed to hold a block of ice. The cold air from the ice would circulate inside the box, keeping the contents cool. Ice would need to be replenished regularly, as it would eventually melt. If the saloon had a regular supply of ice, they could have used iceboxes to store and chill their beer.
3. Natural Ice Caves: In some regions, natural ice caves were utilized for storing ice. These caves would remain cold throughout the year, providing a natural refrigeration system. While not as common as icehouses or iceboxes, it is possible that the Longbranch Saloon had access to a nearby ice cave, allowing them to procure ice for chilling their beer.
4. Cold Cellars: In addition to specialized ice storage methods, some establishments had cold cellars or basements that were dug into the ground. These underground spaces would naturally maintain a cooler temperature, even during warm weather. The Longbranch Saloon could have had a cold cellar where they stored their beer kegs, taking advantage of the naturally cooler environment to keep the beer chilled.
It's important to note that the portrayal of cold beer in Gunsmoke was likely for dramatic effect and may not have been historically accurate. However, these methods were indeed used during the late 1800s to keep items cool, and it is possible that the show took inspiration from these practices.
While we can't say for certain how the beer was kept cold on Gunsmoke, it is reasonable to assume that the Longbranch Saloon would have employed one of these methods to ensure their beer was served at a refreshing temperature.