Late harvest wines can indeed be dry, contrary to popular belief. Late harvest refers to the process of allowing grapes to hang on the vine longer than usual, allowing them to achieve a higher level of ripeness and concentration of flavors. Traditionally, these grapes are left on the vine until they have reached a certain level of sweetness, resulting in a sweet or dessert-style wine. However, winemakers have the flexibility to harvest these grapes at different stages of ripeness, including when they have reached full maturity without excessive sugar levels.
When grapes are left to hang on the vine for an extended period, their sugar levels increase as the natural sugars in the grapes intensify. This is because the grape's natural sugar content is converted into alcohol during the fermentation process. If the grapes are harvested at a late stage of ripeness, when their sugar levels are high, the resulting wine will have a higher alcohol content and fuller body. In this case, the fermentation process converts most of the sugars into alcohol, resulting in a dry late harvest wine.
To ensure that the wine remains dry, winemakers carefully monitor the ripening process and sugar levels of the grapes. They may choose to harvest the grapes when they have achieved full maturity, but before the sugar levels reach the point of sweetness typically associated with late harvest wines. This allows them to create a dry wine with the added complexity and intensity that comes from allowing the grapes to ripen for an extended period.
It's important to note that the decision to produce a dry late harvest wine is largely dependent on the winemaker's preference and the desired style of the wine. Some winemakers may opt for a sweeter expression, while others may choose to create a drier version. This flexibility allows for a range of styles within the late harvest category, providing wine enthusiasts with a diverse selection to explore.
In my personal experience as a sommelier, I have come across dry late harvest wines that have been truly exceptional. The extended hang time of the grapes allows for the development of complex flavors and aromas, which can be further enhanced by the absence of residual sugar. These wines often exhibit intense fruit characteristics, balanced acidity, and a luscious mouthfeel. They can be a delightful surprise for those who expect all late harvest wines to be sweet.
Late harvest wines can be dry if the grapes are harvested at full maturity without excessive sugar levels. These wines tend to be higher in alcohol and have a fuller body compared to wines made from grapes harvested at normal ripeness. The decision to produce a dry late harvest wine is a stylistic choice made by the winemaker, and it offers a unique and intriguing option for wine enthusiasts looking to explore different expressions within this category.