When it comes to categorizing beer, there are two main types that are commonly found: lagers and ales. These classifications are based on the type of yeast used and the fermentation process employed during brewing. As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the privilege of exploring the intricacies of these beer types and appreciating their unique characteristics.
1. Lagers:
Lagers are the most widely consumed type of beer around the world. The yeast used in lagers is known as Saccharomyces pastorianus, which is a bottom-fermenting yeast. This means that during the fermentation process, the yeast settles at the bottom of the fermentation vessel. Lagers are typically fermented at lower temperatures, usually between 45°F and 55°F (7°C and 13°C). This slow fermentation process contributes to the clean and crisp flavors associated with lagers.
– Examples of lagers include the popular Pilsner, Märzen, and Bock styles. Pilsners are known for their light and refreshing qualities, with a golden color and a balanced hop bitterness. Märzen, often associated with Oktoberfest, has a malty sweetness and amber color. Bocks, on the other hand, are stronger and maltier lagers, ranging from pale to dark in color.
2. Ales:
Ales are the other major type of beer and are characterized by the use of top-fermenting yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Unlike lagers, ales ferment at higher temperatures, typically between 60°F and 72°F (15°C and 22°C). This warmer fermentation process allows for faster fermentation and produces a wider range of flavors and aromas.
– Ales encompass a vast array of styles, including Pale Ales, IPAs (India Pale Ales), Stouts, and Porters. Pale Ales range from golden to amber in color and often showcase a balance between malt sweetness and hop bitterness. IPAs are known for their hop-forward flavors, with a focus on citrus, pine, and floral notes. Stouts are dark and rich, with flavors of roasted malt, chocolate, and coffee. Porters, similar to stouts, offer a robust flavor profile but are generally less heavy-bodied.
It's important to note that the distinction between lagers and ales goes beyond just the yeast and fermentation process. Each style has its own brewing techniques, ingredients, and historical significance. Exploring the world of beer is a fascinating journey that allows one to appreciate the diversity and complexity of these two main types.
Personally, I have always been drawn to the variety of flavors and aromas found in ales. The hop-forward nature of IPAs, with their bold and citrusy notes, has always intrigued me. On the other hand, I appreciate the clean and refreshing qualities of a well-crafted lager, particularly on a hot summer day. Being able to brew and experiment with both lagers and ales has given me a deeper understanding and appreciation for the art of beer-making.
Lagers and ales are the two most common types of beer, distinguished by the type of yeast and fermentation process utilized. While lagers offer a clean and crisp taste, ales provide a wide range of flavors and aromas. Exploring the various styles within each category is an exciting endeavor for beer enthusiasts, and the possibilities are endless. Cheers to the world of beer!