In Champagne, it is commonly believed that wines are made only from three main grape varieties: Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Meunier. However, there are actually four other grape varieties that are authorized within the AOC (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) area and can be used to make Champagne. These lesser-known varieties are Arbane, Petit Meslier, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Gris.
Arbane is a white grape variety that was once widely planted in Champagne. It is known for its high acidity and can contribute to the freshness and structure of Champagne wines. However, due to its low yields and susceptibility to disease, Arbane is now quite rare and is only planted in small quantities in certain vineyards.
Petit Meslier is another white grape variety that is native to Champagne. It is known for its distinctive aromatic profile, which can include notes of citrus, white flowers, and herbs. Like Arbane, Petit Meslier is not widely planted and is mostly used as a blending grape in Champagne.
Pinot Blanc, as the name suggests, is a white grape variety that is related to Pinot Noir. It can add body and texture to Champagne wines, as well as subtle fruit flavors. Pinot Blanc is not as commonly used in Champagne production as the other main grape varieties, but it can still be found in some blends.
Pinot Gris, also known as Grauburgunder or Pinot Grigio in other wine regions, is a grayish-blue grape variety that can be used to make both white and rosé Champagne. It adds richness and complexity to the wines, with flavors that can range from ripe pear and apple to honey and spice. Pinot Gris is not as widely planted in Champagne as in other regions, but it can be a valuable addition to certain cuvées.
Having knowledge of these lesser-known grape varieties in Champagne can enhance your appreciation and understanding of the region's wines. While they may not be as common or dominant as Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Meunier, they still have the potential to contribute unique characteristics and flavors to the final Champagne blend.
As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to taste and explore wines made from these lesser-known Champagne grape varieties. It is always exciting to discover the nuances and complexities that each grape brings to the final blend. These varieties may not be as widely recognized or celebrated as the main three, but they play an important role in the diversity and richness of Champagne wines.
While Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Meunier are indeed the primary grape varieties used in Champagne production, there are four other authorized varieties that can also be used: Arbane, Petit Meslier, Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Gris. Each of these grapes contributes its own unique characteristics, adding depth and complexity to the world-renowned sparkling wines of Champagne.