In ancient Greece, the people had a variety of drinking vessels to choose from. One of the most famous and iconic types of drinking vessel was the kylix. This unique cup, also known as an “eye-cup,” was specifically designed and created for use at the symposium, a social gathering where men would come together to drink, discuss, and engage in philosophical conversations.
The kylix gets its name from the Greek word “kylix,” which means cup. What makes this vessel distinctive is the presence of large eyes on either side of the cup, giving it a whimsical and playful appearance. These eyes were not just a decorative element but also served a practical purpose. They allowed the drinker to see the wine inside the cup, ensuring that they did not spill or waste any of the precious liquid. It's fascinating to think about how even in ancient times, people were concerned about not wasting a drop of their drink.
The kylix was typically made from clay or ceramic, although some examples were crafted from precious metals such as silver or gold. The shape of the kylix varied over time, but it generally featured a shallow bowl with two horizontal handles on either side. The handles were often shaped like animal heads or human figures, adding an artistic touch to the vessel.
When it comes to the contents of these ancient Greek drinking vessels, wine was the beverage of choice. Wine played a central role in Greek society and was consumed in abundance during symposia. The Greeks had a deep appreciation for wine, not just for its intoxicating effects, but also for its cultural and social significance. Wine was often mixed with water to dilute its potency, as drinking it straight was considered barbaric.
The kylix was designed to enhance the drinking experience. Its shallow bowl allowed the drinker to appreciate the aroma of the wine, while the wide rim facilitated sipping and savouring the flavors. The handles provided a comfortable grip, making it easy to raise the cup to one's lips. Imagine yourself at a symposium, holding a kylix filled with wine, engaging in lively conversations with fellow attendees. The kylix was not just a vessel; it was an essential tool for socializing and enjoying the pleasures of wine.
In addition to the kylix, other drinking vessels were also popular in ancient Greece. Let's explore some of them:
1. Rhyton: This was a horn-shaped vessel often used for ceremonial purposes. It was typically made from clay, metal, or even animal horns. The rhyton was usually decorated with intricate designs and carvings, showcasing the craftsmanship of the time. It was used to pour libations, a ritual act of offering wine to the gods.
2. Kantharos: The kantharos was a deep, two-handled cup with a wide base and a tall stem. It was reminiscent of a goblet and was often used for drinking wine during religious rituals. The kantharos was a symbol of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine, and was associated with celebration and revelry.
3. Oinochoe: This was a jug or pitcher used for pouring wine into cups. The oinochoe had a long neck and a spout, making it easy to control the flow of wine. It was commonly made from clay and often adorned with decorative motifs. The oinochoe was an essential companion to the kylix, ensuring that the wine flowed freely during the symposium.
4. Skyphos: The skyphos was a deep, two-handled cup similar to the kantharos but with a wider, more rounded shape. It was often used for everyday drinking and was popular among both men and women. The skyphos was versatile, suitable for both wine and other beverages like water or milk.
5. Askos: The askos was a vessel used for pouring oil or other liquids. It had a distinctive shape, resembling a small jug with a narrow spout and a handle on top. Although not primarily used for drinking wine, it played a role in the symposium as oil was often mixed with wine to create aromatic and flavorful concoctions.
These drinking vessels not only served a practical purpose but also reflected the artistic and cultural values of ancient Greece. They were crafted with care and attention to detail, showcasing the craftsmanship and creativity of the time. It's incredible to think about how these vessels were not just objects but integral parts of social gatherings and rituals, connecting people through the shared experience of drinking and conversation.
As a sommelier and brewer, I find it fascinating to explore the drinking habits of ancient civilizations like Greece. It allows us to appreciate the rich history and cultural significance of wine and other beverages. The kylix, with its distinctive eye-shaped design, stands as a symbol of the symposium and the conviviality associated with it. Next time you raise a glass of wine, take a moment to think about the ancient Greeks and their love for this timeless beverage.