Scotch whisky is primarily made from malted barley, a key ingredient that gives it its distinct flavor and character. The barley is first soaked in water and allowed to germinate, which converts the starches into fermentable sugars. It is then dried using hot air, a process known as kilning, which stops the germination and preserves the enzymes necessary for fermentation.
As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to witness the whisky-making process firsthand. I remember visiting a distillery in Scotland where I saw rows upon rows of malted barley being spread out on the malting floor. The barley was turned regularly to ensure even germination, and the aroma of sweet malt filled the air. It was fascinating to see how this humble grain would eventually be transformed into the renowned spirit that is Scotch whisky.
Unlike Scotch whisky, Bourbon is made primarily from corn. The use of corn in Bourbon production is a defining characteristic that sets it apart from other types of whisky. In fact, the Federal Standards of Identity for Distilled Spirits in the United States stipulate that Bourbon must be made from a grain mixture that is at least 51% corn.
This difference in grain composition contributes to the distinct flavor profiles of Scotch whisky and Bourbon. Scotch whisky often exhibits rich, malty flavors with notes of caramel, dried fruit, and a hint of smokiness. On the other hand, Bourbon tends to have sweeter, corn-forward flavors with hints of vanilla, oak, and sometimes even a touch of spice.
It's important to note that within the category of Scotch whisky, there are different types based on the grains used. Single malt Scotch whisky is made exclusively from malted barley and produced at a single distillery. This type of whisky showcases the unique characteristics of the barley and the terroir of the distillery's location.
On the other hand, single grain Scotch whisky is also produced by a single distillery but can include other whole grains in addition to barley. These grains can include wheat, corn, or rye. The inclusion of other grains in single grain Scotch whisky can result in a lighter and more delicate flavor profile compared to single malt Scotch.
The grain used in Scotch whisky is primarily malted barley. This grain undergoes a series of processes, including malting, mashing, fermentation, distillation, and maturation, to transform it into the beloved spirit we know as Scotch whisky. The use of different grains, such as corn, is more commonly associated with Bourbon production.