Bitters are a fascinating and versatile ingredient in the world of cocktails and mixology. They are typically made by infusing a neutral alcohol with a variety of spices, herbs, fruits, roots, and other botanical ingredients. The specific combination of ingredients used can vary widely depending on the brand and the desired flavor profile.
One of the most common ingredients found in bitters is cinchona bark. This bark contains quinine, a bitter compound that gives bitters their characteristic taste. Quinine is known for its medicinal properties and was historically used to treat malaria. It adds a distinct bitterness and a slightly astringent quality to the bitters.
Gentian root is another popular ingredient in bitters. It has a strong bitter taste and is often used as a digestive aid. Gentian root adds depth and complexity to the flavor profile of bitters, and its bitterness can help balance out the sweetness of other ingredients.
Cascarilla, a type of tree bark, is also commonly used in bitters. It has a bitter and slightly spicy flavor that contributes to the overall complexity of the bitters. Cascarilla is known for its use in traditional medicine and has been used to treat various ailments.
Citrus peels, particularly orange peels, are frequently included in bitters recipes. The oils and zest from the peels add bright and aromatic notes to the bitters, balancing out the bitterness and adding a refreshing element. Lemon and grapefruit peels are also sometimes used to provide different citrus flavors.
Other botanical ingredients that can be found in bitters include herbs like wormwood, angelica root, and dandelion root. These herbs contribute to the overall complexity and herbal character of the bitters. Spices like cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, and star anise are often used to add warmth and depth to the flavor profile.
Some bitters also include more unique ingredients like dried fruits, flowers, or even tree bark from specific species. These ingredients can vary greatly depending on the creativity and experimentation of the bitters producer.
It's important to note that bitters are typically made by macerating or steeping these ingredients in a high-proof neutral alcohol, such as vodka or grain alcohol. The alcohol acts as a solvent, extracting the flavors and compounds from the ingredients. Most bitters have an alcohol content ranging from 35% to 45% ABV, which gives them a strong and concentrated flavor.
As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the opportunity to experiment with different types of bitters and create my own unique flavors. One of my favorite combinations includes a mix of cinchona bark, gentian root, orange peel, and a touch of cardamom. The resulting bitters have a beautiful balance of bitterness, citrusy brightness, and warm spice.
Bitters are made from a combination of spices, herbs, fruits, roots, and other botanical ingredients that are infused in a high-proof neutral alcohol. The specific ingredients used can vary greatly, allowing for a wide range of flavors and profiles. Whether used in cocktails or for medicinal purposes, bitters add depth, complexity, and a delightful bitter taste to various beverages.