The term “dry” or “wet” in reference to a martini is used to describe the amount of vermouth used in the cocktail. Vermouth is a fortified wine flavored with various herbs and spices and is an essential ingredient in a classic martini. The difference lies in the proportion of vermouth to gin or vodka.
A dry martini, as the name suggests, contains less vermouth, resulting in a less sweet and more spirit-forward cocktail. Traditionally, a dry martini would have a ratio of around 4 parts gin or vodka to 1 part dry vermouth. This minimal amount of vermouth allows the base spirit to shine through and gives the martini a crisp and clean taste. The dryness of the martini emphasizes the botanicals and characteristics of the gin or vodka, making it a popular choice for those who prefer a more assertive and less sweet drink.
On the other hand, a wet martini refers to a martini that has a higher proportion of vermouth compared to the spirit. This results in a more balanced and slightly sweeter cocktail. The ratio of vermouth to spirit in a wet martini can vary, but it is generally around 1:1 or even higher. The increased amount of vermouth adds depth and complexity to the martini, softening the edges of the spirit and bringing out its subtle flavors. Some people enjoy the smoother and more aromatic profile of a wet martini.
Another variation of the martini is the dirty martini, which involves the addition of olive brine to the cocktail. This brine adds a salty and savory element, enhancing the overall flavor profile. The dirtiness of the martini comes from the cloudy appearance caused by the brine.
It is worth noting that the terms “dry” and “wet” are relative and can vary depending on personal preference. What one person considers a dry martini might be considered wet by another. Bartenders often ask for the customer's preference to ensure they create the perfect martini tailored to their taste.
In my personal experience as a sommelier, I have encountered customers with varying preferences when it comes to martini dryness. Some enjoy the bold and intense flavors of a dry martini, while others prefer a more balanced and slightly sweeter wet martini. It all comes down to individual taste and the desired flavor profile one seeks in their martini.
To summarize, a dry martini contains less dry vermouth, resulting in a less sweet and more spirit-forward cocktail. A wet martini, on the other hand, has a higher proportion of vermouth, leading to a more balanced and slightly sweeter drink. The addition of olive brine makes a martini dirty, adding a salty and savory element to the mix. Ultimately, the choice between dry or wet lies in personal preference and the desired flavor profile one seeks in their martini.