What's the difference between bourbon and Canadian whiskey?

As a sommelier and brewer, I have had the pleasure of exploring and tasting a wide range of whiskies from around the world. One interesting comparison that often comes up is the difference between bourbon and Canadian whiskey. While both are types of whiskey, they have distinct characteristics that set them apart.

Geographical Origin:
Bourbon is known as “America's native spirit” and must be produced in the United States, primarily in Kentucky. The region's limestone-rich water and climate contribute to the unique flavor profile of bourbon. On the other hand, Canadian whiskey is produced in Canada, where colder temperatures and different grain sources come into play.

Grain Composition:
Bourbon is made primarily from corn, with a minimum requirement of 51% corn in the mash bill. This high corn content gives bourbon its characteristic sweetness. Canadian whiskey, on the other hand, often includes a blend of grains, such as corn, rye, barley, and wheat. This combination results in a more complex flavor profile.

Aging Process:
Bourbon must age in new, charred oak barrels, which impart rich flavors and colors to the whiskey. The minimum aging requirement for bourbon is two years, although many premium brands age their whiskey for much longer. Canadian whiskey, on the other hand, does not have a specific aging requirement. It can be aged in used barrels, which gives it a milder flavor compared to bourbon.

Flavor Profile:
Bourbon is known for its rich, full-bodied, and slightly sweet flavor. The high corn content contributes to its sweetness, while the charred oak barrels bring out notes of vanilla, caramel, and oak. On the other hand, Canadian whiskey is generally lighter and smoother, with a more delicate flavor profile. The blend of grains adds complexity, and the use of used barrels results in a milder taste.

Bottling Requirements:
In terms of bottling requirements, bourbon must be distilled to no more than 160 proof (80% alcohol by volume) and entered into the barrel for aging at no more than 125 proof (62.5% alcohol by volume). It must also be bottled at a minimum of 80 proof (40% alcohol by volume). Canadian whiskey, on the other hand, does not have specific bottling requirements.

Personal Experience:
During my travels, I have had the opportunity to visit distilleries in both Kentucky and Canada, learning about their whiskey production processes firsthand. I have tasted a variety of bourbons and Canadian whiskies, and the differences between the two are quite evident. The bourbon I have tried tends to have a more robust and intense flavor, with a pronounced sweetness that lingers on the palate. Canadian whiskey, on the other hand, is smoother and lighter, with subtle flavors that unfold more gradually.