As an experienced sommelier and brewer, I have encountered my fair share of wines that have gone bad. It can be quite disappointing to open a bottle of wine only to discover that something is off. However, there are a few key indicators that can help you determine if your wine has gone bad.
1. Overly sweet red wine: If you're sipping on a red wine that tastes excessively sweet, and it's not a dessert wine or Port, this could be a sign that the wine has spoiled. Red wines are generally dry or semi-dry, so an overpowering sweetness is definitely a red flag.
2. Fizziness in a non-sparkling wine: Wine should not have any noticeable fizziness unless it is a sparkling wine or has undergone carbonation intentionally. If you open a bottle of still wine and notice bubbles or a fizzy texture, it's likely that the wine has started fermenting again in the bottle, which is a sign of spoilage.
3. Vinegary taste: One of the most obvious signs that your wine has gone bad is a sharp, vinegar-like taste. This can occur when wine is exposed to excessive oxygen or bacteria, resulting in the production of acetic acid. If your wine tastes more like vinegar than wine, it's best to discard it.
4. Unpleasant or off-putting aroma: Another way to identify spoiled wine is through its aroma. Wine should typically have pleasant fruity, floral, or earthy aromas depending on the grape variety and age. However, if you detect any unpleasant smells like wet cardboard, rotten eggs, or mold, it's likely that the wine has been contaminated and is no longer good to drink.
5. Color changes: While it's normal for wines to evolve in color as they age, drastic or unusual color changes can indicate spoilage. For example, if a white wine has turned brown or a red wine has turned orange, it could be a sign of oxidation or other issues that have affected the wine's quality.
6. Off-balance or flat taste: When wine goes bad, it often loses its balance and complexity. If you find that your wine lacks the characteristic flavors and nuances associated with its grape variety or region, it may be a sign that the wine has deteriorated.
It's important to note that not all wines age well, and some are meant to be consumed within a short period after purchase. Proper storage conditions, such as temperature and humidity control, can also significantly impact a wine's lifespan. If you suspect that your wine may have gone bad, it's best to err on the side of caution and discard it rather than risk a disappointing or potentially harmful drinking experience.